Exercise 2 – Tonal Study on a Dark Ground

I prepared a piece of A3 acrylic paper using ultramarine and black together and then set this aside. I came up with the idea of using this shiny deer head against a brick backdrop for my choice in subject. I thought the reflective surface of the deer head against the matt bricks might make some interesting tones. I started off with the deer head mapping a slight outline in grey and then going over the darker areas, finishing off with white highlights as the reflective parts. The bricks were a red and brown wash as I wanted to keep some of the dark background showing through.

tonalstudyusingadarkbackgroundimage1
I quite like the use of a dark background for this piece, with it showing through the red bricks and Ochre wood making them slightly textured looking and matt looking. I also like how the subject colour when added to a dark background makes it pop more?
I think the tonal study on the light background probably turned out better than the dark back ground. I was quite pleased with how that turned out, with the tone working to create the form and a sense  of dimension to the items.

Research – Chiaroscuro

Chiaroscuro is the term used for the technique of drawing on coloured paper using a dark medium like ink, with white highlighting in perhaps gouache. It is the strong contrast of light and dark tones to create volume and a three-dimensional quality. It’s beginnings starting in the renaissance era with artists like Caravaggio and Leonardo, who understood that to create the solidity of form, you need to emphasise where the light hits an object.
I have taken a look at the artists below to understand how and why they used it in their work. I think the use of light is not only because of the era of candlelight or daylight but also for theatrical purposes too.

Caravaggio
I started looking at a few of ‘Caravaggio’s paintings and had noticed how the central focus was almost drawn to the lightest areas of his paintings. Which was also a subject brought up on while watching a clip on ‘The National Gallery’ Website, on how his use of light didn’t only help with the aesthetic enhancement of the painting but also with the message in which he was conveying. He would choose a pinnacle point in a narrative and almost highlight this moment with the accentuated use of light.
His paintings are dramatic and intense, even his ‘Still Life’s’ have a vibrant and interesting quality to them. In the painting ‘Saint Jerome’ the saints outstretched hand reaches across the table, where a skull sits highlighted, like the watchful eye of death.
I also found out that he did very little preparatory sketches before painting these great works, which I think can perhaps add to the theatrical element of a drawing or painting.

Caravaggio: His life and style in three paintings | National Gallery

Tintoretto
The Venetian artist Tintoretto, also known as ‘Il Furioso’ for his energetic style of painting, worked on large-scale biblical scenes with fantastic compositions and dramatic casts of light. The paintings look like as if the heavens themselves have opened and the characters and settings are swathed in this glorious ethereal light. The intense shade and light adding to the drama of the scenes he is depicting.

Rubens
Peter Paul Rubens was a Flemish artist specializing in altarpieces, portraits, landscapes, and history paintings of mythological and symbolic subjects. He was hugely influenced by the Italian masters like Titian, Tintoretto, Leonardo and Michelangelo, going on to copy the colouring and compositions of some of these artists in his own work.
I liked this painting below of an old lady shielding her eyes from the candle light with an infant at her side. I think it shows you how the technique could be used to create either natural light or in this instance artificial light.

rubens image 1

 

 

Sources

Websites
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiaroscuro
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caravaggio
https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/michelangelo-merisi-da-caravaggio
https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/jacopo-tintoretto
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tintoretto
https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/artists/peter-paul-rubens
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens

Books

Exercise 1 – Tonal Study on White Ground

I started out sketching in charcoal different compositions of my ‘Still Life’ I had set up, trying to focus less with the line of things and more of the tonal values. I started off with the areas darkest and then worked out from that, smudging the areas for mid tones and wiping away when the tone wasn’t light enough or on parts where the light has reflected.

I liked the studies where I have drawn things in a more over the top perspective but thought perhaps they were a little out of my comfort zone for painting. I decided that the third sketch where I was looking slightly up at the objects would be a good one to recreate in paint! I then went with using acrylics in different tones of blue on A3 acrylic paper. I started off again with painting in the darkest areas of tone and then working my way up to the lightest tones. I also decided on using the paper landscape instead of portrait which I think has worked better?

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Exercise 4 – Monochrome Studies

I went with copying a tree scene from a photograph for this exercise using A3 acrylic paper and starting with the dark sheet first. For the dark paint wash I used Ultramarine and Payne’s Grey, then for the light wash I used Payne’s Grey and white to make an opaque wash. Setting them aside to dry, I then went on to do a rough sketch of the tree I had chosen to draw. I have cropped the photograph slightly so the main focus is more on the tree and not on the surrounding scene.
monochrome studies image 3
I then went on to draw the rough outline of the tree and the scenery in charcoal starting with the light background first (left image). I filled in the positive areas with roughly the same mix of Ultramarine and Payne’s Grey, diluting this mix to do the more sparse smaller branches and the background.
Next I started on the dark background (right image) and again I used charcoal to roughly outline where everything was. After this I filled in the negative space with the opaque mix of White and Payne’s Grey finding that I had to be more careful with how I applied the paint. I think I must be more use to filling in the positive space when drawing/painting. I have used a smaller brush and a medium tone of paint to then fill in some more branch detail and to add in the background scenery.

I think you get an idea of the effectiveness of a composition when using a negative and positive space comparison. I feel like there is perhaps too much negative space to this painting. I think a more close up composition would have worked better, with more of the branches and detail of the tree included.

Exercise 3 – Opaque colour mixing

I started off just doing a few colour mix experiments in my sketchbook, going from the dark opaque mix to a lighter one using Ultramarine and Violet. I tried to balance how much water I added to this mix as I wanted it to be mostly the blend of white and colour.


opaque colour image 4
I then went on to copy the Ultramarine blue colour wash (On the left) into an opaque mix version. I found out it worked quite well with the opaque mix seeming to perhaps go on better than the wash of colour with less brush marks. I also found mixing the shades not too hard to replicate. Although there is a more density to the colours I think the shades look roughly the same?


The next attempt was with the wash of both Ultramarine blue and Violet (To the right,) which again I found the opaque mix to be more dense in colour but another reasonable one to replicate.

My last attempt was using the overlay of colour washes and this was the one I found most hard to replicate. I don’t think I managed to get the various tones right, perhaps down to the quick drying time of acrylics or perhaps down to the combination of using two colours at once with the white.

I  understand how the build of lots of layers of translucent washes can add further depth, the opaque mix then adding further boldness of colour. You could use a transparent wash for a sky scenery, building the different layers of colour. You could then add the opaque technique to add solid dense looking clouds. I think the right use of brush when using a transparent wash would be something I also need to look at? Perhaps a large flat brush so I could distribute colour more evenly and effectively?

Exercise 2 – Overlaying Washes

Carrying on from the last exercise I have then taken the dried Violet and Ultramarine washes and have gone over with the opposite colour, painting in broad sweeping motions the paint went on reasonably well with more control than the first wash of colour. The colours didn’t seem to blend as well when painting over the dried wash but seemed to build a more intense colour. I also noticed that the paint doesn’t run as much as the wet on wet washes did. Overlaying the washes of paint can help to build a more intense colour and a sense of depth.

I have looked into the work of Mark Rothko who was part of an abstract expressionist  movement of colour field painting. Which is characterised by the painting of a large area of one flat single colour. In his ‘Seagram Murals’ he created a series of paintings, the second and third involving different variations of a floating window frame. He experimented using more sombre colours and painted the following ‘Red on Maroon’ by using glue in the paint to create the ‘matt’ base to the background, then another coat of paint which he scraped some of away, followed by a red frame in which he used fast brush strokes and a decorators brush. Although at first glance the paintings appear slightly primitive and childlike, on further inspection your eyes get drawn into the rectangles of colour, are they hovering out of the frame or are you looking in at them? The use of colour has created depth and a strange illusion which holds the voyeur captive.

 

Sources
Websites
https://www.tate.org.uk/art/artworks/rothko-red-on-maroon-t01165

 

Exercise 1 -Tonally graded wash

I went with acrylics for this exercise, using Ultramarine and violet as my choice of paint colours. The first attempt using the ultramarine paint didn’t go as well, as I was still getting to grips with the best way to use the brush strokes.
I have graduated the tone by adding more water to the paintbrush then lightly dabbing some away. I think the brush strokes across the page in the violet image worked better, but I also liked the merge of colours in the last one. You can imagine using this idea/technique when painting a stormy sea or sky scene.

Exercise 3 – Painting with Pastels

I managed to find some old soft pastels and oils pastels for this exercise, so decided on using both! The first half in green is the soft pastel used on its side, and dragged across the page, I then got a damp cloth and blended it all over. I then decided it could be part of a forest, so drew the outline of a tree using the tip of the pastel to draw branches.
The soft pastels are quite good when creating a block of colour and blend well, you could also keep rubbing away to create lighter shades of colour.
I then went on to try the oil pastels, which I used  by dragging the tip in lots of quick  lines. I found the oil thinner I had used to not be the best at blending with? I was hoping to blend the oil pastel lines to create a wave effect. Perhaps another thinner would have been better?!

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Exercise 2 – Applying paint without brushes

I have chosen to use acrylics for this exercise, mainly because I’m still waiting for a new set of oils and a ‘not so stinky’ paint thinner as white spirit to arrive.
I started off using the paint knife first, trying out different ways in which I could use it, then I used a thin piece of cardboard and scraped it on its side, adding another colour on top and dragging it along. I then used the sponges, one was a slightly looser sponge than the other and would work well when using it for things like tree foliage. The last item I used was some kitchen roll, which I used in a swirling blending motion. I thought this could make great waves.
Painting without brushes

Exercise 1 – Getting to know your brushes

For this exercise I started off in my sketchbook using the range of brushes including flats, rounds, filberts, fan and brushes of different thickness. I tried out different sides of the brush and different movements of the brush. I found that the filberts were good to blend with, flats were good for controlled lines, fan brushes work well if you want a light dusting of colour and made an interesting mark when swirled around, and then rounds are good for more detail or smaller marks.
sketchbook E1 P1

I went on to do the landscape from memory, choosing a sunset I remembered in particular because of the different colours of the sky and the stark contrast of the dark outline of the trees, houses and fields. I tried painting using different sides of the brush depending on the different levels of detail needed. The filberts brush seemed a good choice when used to blend in the sky. The flat covered an area with paint well and the round helped to make the leaves.
Getting to know brushes 1

The last part in this exercise was to paint a piece of fruit , and I decided to go with an orange, using acrylic on A3 paper that had an accidental border added to it from the previous exercise. I tried different strokes and directions with the paint brush, using the round tip for the small bits of the light detail on top and the filberts for the rest of the orange.
Getting to know brushes 2